nextcloud/lib/private/files/view.php

<?php
/**
 * @author Arthur Schiwon <blizzz@owncloud.com>
 * @author Bart Visscher <bartv@thisnet.nl>
 * @author Björn Schießle <schiessle@owncloud.com>
 * @author cmeh <cmeh@users.noreply.github.com>
 * @author Florin Peter <github@florin-peter.de>
 * @author Jesus Macias <jmacias@full-on-net.com>
 * @author Joas Schilling <nickvergessen@owncloud.com>
 * @author Jörn Friedrich Dreyer <jfd@butonic.de>
 * @author Klaas Freitag <freitag@owncloud.com>
 * @author Lukas Reschke <lukas@owncloud.com>
 * @author Luke Policinski <lpolicinski@gmail.com>
 * @author Michael Gapczynski <GapczynskiM@gmail.com>
 * @author Morris Jobke <hey@morrisjobke.de>
 * @author Robin Appelman <icewind@owncloud.com>
 * @author Robin McCorkell <rmccorkell@karoshi.org.uk>
 * @author Roman Geber <rgeber@owncloudapps.com>
 * @author Sam Tuke <mail@samtuke.com>
 * @author Thomas Müller <thomas.mueller@tmit.eu>
 * @author Thomas Tanghus <thomas@tanghus.net>
 * @author Vincent Petry <pvince81@owncloud.com>
 *
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2015, ownCloud, Inc.
 * @license AGPL-3.0
 *
 * This code is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3,
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3,
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
 *
 */


namespace OC\Files;

use OC\Files\Cache\Updater;
use OC\Files\Mount\MoveableMount;
use OCP\Files\FileNameTooLongException;
use OCP\Files\InvalidCharacterInPathException;
use OCP\Files\InvalidPathException;
use OCP\Files\ReservedWordException;

/**
 * Class to provide access to ownCloud filesystem via a "view", and methods for
 * working with files within that view (e.g. read, write, delete, etc.). Each
 * view is restricted to a set of directories via a virtual root. The default view
 * uses the currently logged in user's data directory as root (parts of
 * OC_Filesystem are merely a wrapper for OC\Files\View).
 *
 * Apps that need to access files outside of the user data folders (to modify files
 * belonging to a user other than the one currently logged in, for example) should
 * use this class directly rather than using OC_Filesystem, or making use of PHP's
 * built-in file manipulation functions. This will ensure all hooks and proxies
 * are triggered correctly.
 *
 * Filesystem functions are not called directly; they are passed to the correct
 * \OC\Files\Storage\Storage object
 */
class View {
	/** @var string */
	private $fakeRoot = '';

	/** @var \OC\Files\Cache\Updater */
	protected $updater;

	/**
	 * @param string $root
	 * @throws \Exception If $root contains an invalid path
	 */
	public function __construct($root = '') {
		if(!Filesystem::isValidPath($root)) {
			throw new \Exception();
		}

		$this->fakeRoot = $root;
		$this->updater = new Updater($this);
	}

	public function getAbsolutePath($path = '/') {
		$this->assertPathLength($path);
		if ($path === '') {
			$path = '/';
		}
		if ($path[0] !== '/') {
			$path = '/' . $path;
		}
		return $this->fakeRoot . $path;
	}

	/**
	 * change the root to a fake root
	 *
	 * @param string $fakeRoot
	 * @return boolean|null
	 */
	public function chroot($fakeRoot) {
		if (!$fakeRoot == '') {
			if ($fakeRoot[0] !== '/') {
				$fakeRoot = '/' . $fakeRoot;
			}
		}
		$this->fakeRoot = $fakeRoot;
	}

	/**
	 * get the fake root
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getRoot() {
		return $this->fakeRoot;
	}

	/**
	 * get path relative to the root of the view
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getRelativePath($path) {
		$this->assertPathLength($path);
		if ($this->fakeRoot == '') {
			return $path;
		}

		if (rtrim($path,'/') === rtrim($this->fakeRoot, '/')) {
			return '/';
		}

		if (strpos($path, $this->fakeRoot) !== 0) {
			return null;
		} else {
			$path = substr($path, strlen($this->fakeRoot));
			if (strlen($path) === 0) {
				return '/';
			} else {
				return $path;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * get the mountpoint of the storage object for a path
	 * ( note: because a storage is not always mounted inside the fakeroot, the
	 * returned mountpoint is relative to the absolute root of the filesystem
	 * and does not take the chroot into account )
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getMountPoint($path) {
		return Filesystem::getMountPoint($this->getAbsolutePath($path));
	}

	/**
	 * get the mountpoint of the storage object for a path
	 * ( note: because a storage is not always mounted inside the fakeroot, the
	 * returned mountpoint is relative to the absolute root of the filesystem
	 * and does not take the chroot into account )
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return \OCP\Files\Mount\IMountPoint
	 */
	public function getMount($path) {
		return Filesystem::getMountManager()->find($this->getAbsolutePath($path));
	}

	/**
	 * resolve a path to a storage and internal path
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return array an array consisting of the storage and the internal path
	 */
	public function resolvePath($path) {
		$a = $this->getAbsolutePath($path);
		$p = Filesystem::normalizePath($a);
		return Filesystem::resolvePath($p);
	}

	/**
	 * return the path to a local version of the file
	 * we need this because we can't know if a file is stored local or not from
	 * outside the filestorage and for some purposes a local file is needed
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getLocalFile($path) {
		$parent = substr($path, 0, strrpos($path, '/'));
		$path = $this->getAbsolutePath($path);
		list($storage, $internalPath) = Filesystem::resolvePath($path);
		if (Filesystem::isValidPath($parent) and $storage) {
			return $storage->getLocalFile($internalPath);
		} else {
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getLocalFolder($path) {
		$parent = substr($path, 0, strrpos($path, '/'));
		$path = $this->getAbsolutePath($path);
		list($storage, $internalPath) = Filesystem::resolvePath($path);
		if (Filesystem::isValidPath($parent) and $storage) {
			return $storage->getLocalFolder($internalPath);
		} else {
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * the following functions operate with arguments and return values identical
	 * to those of their PHP built-in equivalents. Mostly they are merely wrappers
	 * for \OC\Files\Storage\Storage via basicOperation().
	 */
	public function mkdir($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('mkdir', $path, array('create', 'write'));
	}

	/**
	 * remove mount point
	 *
	 * @param \OC\Files\Mount\MoveableMount $mount
	 * @param string $path relative to data/
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	protected function removeMount($mount, $path) {
		if ($mount instanceof MoveableMount) {
			// cut of /user/files to get the relative path to data/user/files
			$pathParts = explode('/', $path, 4);
			$relPath = '/' . $pathParts[3];
			\OC_Hook::emit(
				Filesystem::CLASSNAME, "umount",
				array(Filesystem::signal_param_path => $relPath)
			);
			$result = $mount->removeMount();
			if ($result) {
				\OC_Hook::emit(
					Filesystem::CLASSNAME, "post_umount",
					array(Filesystem::signal_param_path => $relPath)
				);
			}
			return $result;
		} else {
			// do not allow deleting the storage's root / the mount point
			// because for some storages it might delete the whole contents
			// but isn't supposed to work that way
			return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 */
	public function rmdir($path) {
		$absolutePath = $this->getAbsolutePath($path);
		$mount = Filesystem::getMountManager()->find($absolutePath);
		if ($mount->getInternalPath($absolutePath) === '') {
			return $this->removeMount($mount, $path);
		}
		if ($this->is_dir($path)) {
			return $this->basicOperation('rmdir', $path, array('delete'));
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return resource
	 */
	public function opendir($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('opendir', $path, array('read'));
	}

	/**
	 * @param $handle
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function readdir($handle) {
		$fsLocal = new Storage\Local(array('datadir' => '/'));
		return $fsLocal->readdir($handle);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 */
	public function is_dir($path) {
		if ($path == '/') {
			return true;
		}
		return $this->basicOperation('is_dir', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 */
	public function is_file($path) {
		if ($path == '/') {
			return false;
		}
		return $this->basicOperation('is_file', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function stat($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('stat', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function filetype($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('filetype', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function filesize($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('filesize', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 * @throws \OCP\Files\InvalidPathException
	 */
	public function readfile($path) {
		$this->assertPathLength($path);
		@ob_end_clean();
		$handle = $this->fopen($path, 'rb');
		if ($handle) {
			$chunkSize = 8192; // 8 kB chunks
			while (!feof($handle)) {
				echo fread($handle, $chunkSize);
				flush();
			}
			$size = $this->filesize($path);
			return $size;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function isCreatable($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('isCreatable', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function isReadable($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('isReadable', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function isUpdatable($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('isUpdatable', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 */
	public function isDeletable($path) {
		$absolutePath = $this->getAbsolutePath($path);
		$mount = Filesystem::getMountManager()->find($absolutePath);
		if ($mount->getInternalPath($absolutePath) === '') {
			return $mount instanceof MoveableMount;
		}
		return $this->basicOperation('isDeletable', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function isSharable($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('isSharable', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 */
	public function file_exists($path) {
		if ($path == '/') {
			return true;
		}
		return $this->basicOperation('file_exists', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function filemtime($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('filemtime', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param int|string $mtime
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function touch($path, $mtime = null) {
		if (!is_null($mtime) and !is_numeric($mtime)) {
			$mtime = strtotime($mtime);
		}

		$hooks = array('touch');

		if (!$this->file_exists($path)) {
			$hooks[] = 'create';
			$hooks[] = 'write';
		}
		$result = $this->basicOperation('touch', $path, $hooks, $mtime);
		if (!$result) {
			// If create file fails because of permissions on external storage like SMB folders,
			// check file exists and return false if not.
			if (!$this->file_exists($path)) {
				return false;
			}
			if (is_null($mtime)) {
				$mtime = time();
			}
			//if native touch fails, we emulate it by changing the mtime in the cache
			$this->putFileInfo($path, array('mtime' => $mtime));
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function file_get_contents($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('file_get_contents', $path, array('read'));
	}

	/**
	 * @param bool $exists
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param bool $run
	 */
	protected function emit_file_hooks_pre($exists, $path, &$run) {
		if (!$exists) {
			\OC_Hook::emit(Filesystem::CLASSNAME, Filesystem::signal_create, array(
				Filesystem::signal_param_path => $this->getHookPath($path),
				Filesystem::signal_param_run => &$run,
			));
		} else {
			\OC_Hook::emit(Filesystem::CLASSNAME, Filesystem::signal_update, array(
				Filesystem::signal_param_path => $this->getHookPath($path),
				Filesystem::signal_param_run => &$run,
			));
		}
		\OC_Hook::emit(Filesystem::CLASSNAME, Filesystem::signal_write, array(
			Filesystem::signal_param_path => $this->getHookPath($path),
			Filesystem::signal_param_run => &$run,
		));
	}

	/**
	 * @param bool $exists
	 * @param string $path
	 */
	protected function emit_file_hooks_post($exists, $path) {
		if (!$exists) {
			\OC_Hook::emit(Filesystem::CLASSNAME, Filesystem::signal_post_create, array(
				Filesystem::signal_param_path => $this->getHookPath($path),
			));
		} else {
			\OC_Hook::emit(Filesystem::CLASSNAME, Filesystem::signal_post_update, array(
				Filesystem::signal_param_path => $this->getHookPath($path),
			));
		}
		\OC_Hook::emit(Filesystem::CLASSNAME, Filesystem::signal_post_write, array(
			Filesystem::signal_param_path => $this->getHookPath($path),
		));
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param mixed $data
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 */
	public function file_put_contents($path, $data) {
		if (is_resource($data)) { //not having to deal with streams in file_put_contents makes life easier
			$absolutePath = Filesystem::normalizePath($this->getAbsolutePath($path));
			if (Filesystem::isValidPath($path)
				and !Filesystem::isFileBlacklisted($path)
			) {
				$path = $this->getRelativePath($absolutePath);
				$exists = $this->file_exists($path);
				$run = true;
				if ($this->shouldEmitHooks($path)) {
					$this->emit_file_hooks_pre($exists, $path, $run);
				}
				if (!$run) {
					return false;
				}
				$target = $this->fopen($path, 'w');
				if ($target) {
					list ($count, $result) = \OC_Helper::streamCopy($data, $target);
					fclose($target);
					fclose($data);
					$this->updater->update($path);
					if ($this->shouldEmitHooks($path) && $result !== false) {
						$this->emit_file_hooks_post($exists, $path);
					}
					return $result;
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			} else {
				return false;
			}
		} else {
			$hooks = ($this->file_exists($path)) ? array('update', 'write') : array('create', 'write');
			return $this->basicOperation('file_put_contents', $path, $hooks, $data);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 */
	public function unlink($path) {
		if ($path === '' || $path === '/') {
			// do not allow deleting the root
			return false;
		}
		$postFix = (substr($path, -1, 1) === '/') ? '/' : '';
		$absolutePath = Filesystem::normalizePath($this->getAbsolutePath($path));
		$mount = Filesystem::getMountManager()->find($absolutePath . $postFix);
		if ($mount and $mount->getInternalPath($absolutePath) === '') {
			return $this->removeMount($mount, $absolutePath);
		}
		return $this->basicOperation('unlink', $path, array('delete'));
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $directory
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 */
	public function deleteAll($directory) {
		return $this->rmdir($directory);
	}

	/**
	 * Rename/move a file or folder from the source path to target path.
	 *
	 * @param string $path1 source path
	 * @param string $path2 target path
	 *
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 */
	public function rename($path1, $path2) {
		$postFix1 = (substr($path1, -1, 1) === '/') ? '/' : '';
		$postFix2 = (substr($path2, -1, 1) === '/') ? '/' : '';
		$absolutePath1 = Filesystem::normalizePath($this->getAbsolutePath($path1));
		$absolutePath2 = Filesystem::normalizePath($this->getAbsolutePath($path2));
		if (
			Filesystem::isValidPath($path2)
			and Filesystem::isValidPath($path1)
			and !Filesystem::isFileBlacklisted($path2)
		) {
			$path1 = $this->getRelativePath($absolutePath1);
			$path2 = $this->getRelativePath($absolutePath2);
			$exists = $this->file_exists($path2);

			if ($path1 == null or $path2 == null) {
				return false;
			}
			$run = true;
			if ($this->shouldEmitHooks() && (Cache\Scanner::isPartialFile($path1) && !Cache\Scanner::isPartialFile($path2))) {
				// if it was a rename from a part file to a regular file it was a write and not a rename operation
				$this->emit_file_hooks_pre($exists, $path2, $run);
			} elseif ($this->shouldEmitHooks()) {
				\OC_Hook::emit(
					Filesystem::CLASSNAME, Filesystem::signal_rename,
					array(
						Filesystem::signal_param_oldpath => $this->getHookPath($path1),
						Filesystem::signal_param_newpath => $this->getHookPath($path2),
						Filesystem::signal_param_run => &$run
					)
				);
			}
			if ($run) {
				$this->verifyPath(dirname($path2), basename($path2));

				$mp1 = $this->getMountPoint($path1 . $postFix1);
				$mp2 = $this->getMountPoint($path2 . $postFix2);
				$manager = Filesystem::getMountManager();
				$mount = $manager->find($absolutePath1 . $postFix1);
				$storage1 = $mount->getStorage();
				$internalPath1 = $mount->getInternalPath($absolutePath1 . $postFix1);
				list($storage2, $internalPath2) = Filesystem::resolvePath($absolutePath2 . $postFix2);
				if ($internalPath1 === '' and $mount instanceof MoveableMount) {
					if ($this->isTargetAllowed($absolutePath2)) {
						/**
						 * @var \OC\Files\Mount\MountPoint | \OC\Files\Mount\MoveableMount $mount
						 */
						$sourceMountPoint = $mount->getMountPoint();
						$result = $mount->moveMount($absolutePath2);
						$manager->moveMount($sourceMountPoint, $mount->getMountPoint());
					} else {
						$result = false;
					}
				} elseif ($mp1 == $mp2) {
					if ($storage1) {
						$result = $storage1->rename($internalPath1, $internalPath2);
					} else {
						$result = false;
					}
				} else {
					if ($this->is_dir($path1)) {
						$result = $this->copy($path1, $path2, true);
						if ($result === true) {
							$result = $storage1->rmdir($internalPath1);
						}
					} else {
						$source = $this->fopen($path1 . $postFix1, 'r');
						$target = $this->fopen($path2 . $postFix2, 'w');
						list(, $result) = \OC_Helper::streamCopy($source, $target);
						if ($result !== false) {
							$this->touch($path2, $this->filemtime($path1));
						}

						// close open handle - especially $source is necessary because unlink below will
						// throw an exception on windows because the file is locked
						fclose($source);
						fclose($target);

						if ($result !== false) {
							$result &= $storage1->unlink($internalPath1);
						} else {
							// delete partially written target file
							$storage2->unlink($internalPath2);
							// delete cache entry that was created by fopen
							$storage2->getCache()->remove($internalPath2);
						}
					}
				}
				if ((Cache\Scanner::isPartialFile($path1) && !Cache\Scanner::isPartialFile($path2)) && $result !== false) {
					// if it was a rename from a part file to a regular file it was a write and not a rename operation
					$this->updater->update($path2);
					if ($this->shouldEmitHooks()) {
						$this->emit_file_hooks_post($exists, $path2);
					}
				} elseif ($result) {
					if ($internalPath1 !== '') { // dont do a cache update for moved mounts
						$this->updater->rename($path1, $path2);
					}
					if ($this->shouldEmitHooks($path1) and $this->shouldEmitHooks($path2)) {
						\OC_Hook::emit(
							Filesystem::CLASSNAME,
							Filesystem::signal_post_rename,
							array(
								Filesystem::signal_param_oldpath => $this->getHookPath($path1),
								Filesystem::signal_param_newpath => $this->getHookPath($path2)
							)
						);
					}
				}
				return $result;
			} else {
				return false;
			}
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Copy a file/folder from the source path to target path
	 *
	 * @param string $path1 source path
	 * @param string $path2 target path
	 * @param bool $preserveMtime whether to preserve mtime on the copy
	 *
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 */
	public function copy($path1, $path2, $preserveMtime = false) {
		$postFix1 = (substr($path1, -1, 1) === '/') ? '/' : '';
		$postFix2 = (substr($path2, -1, 1) === '/') ? '/' : '';
		$absolutePath1 = Filesystem::normalizePath($this->getAbsolutePath($path1));
		$absolutePath2 = Filesystem::normalizePath($this->getAbsolutePath($path2));
		if (
			Filesystem::isValidPath($path2)
			and Filesystem::isValidPath($path1)
			and !Filesystem::isFileBlacklisted($path2)
		) {
			$path1 = $this->getRelativePath($absolutePath1);
			$path2 = $this->getRelativePath($absolutePath2);

			if ($path1 == null or $path2 == null) {
				return false;
			}
			$run = true;
			$exists = $this->file_exists($path2);
			if ($this->shouldEmitHooks()) {
				\OC_Hook::emit(
					Filesystem::CLASSNAME,
					Filesystem::signal_copy,
					array(
						Filesystem::signal_param_oldpath => $this->getHookPath($path1),
						Filesystem::signal_param_newpath => $this->getHookPath($path2),
						Filesystem::signal_param_run => &$run
					)
				);
				$this->emit_file_hooks_pre($exists, $path2, $run);
			}
			if ($run) {
				$mp1 = $this->getMountPoint($path1 . $postFix1);
				$mp2 = $this->getMountPoint($path2 . $postFix2);
				if ($mp1 == $mp2) {
					list($storage, $internalPath1) = Filesystem::resolvePath($absolutePath1 . $postFix1);
					list(, $internalPath2) = Filesystem::resolvePath($absolutePath2 . $postFix2);
					if ($storage) {
						$result = $storage->copy($internalPath1, $internalPath2);
						if (!$result) {
							// delete partially written target file
							$storage->unlink($internalPath2);
							$storage->getCache()->remove($internalPath2);
						}
					} else {
						$result = false;
					}
				} else {
					if ($this->is_dir($path1) && ($dh = $this->opendir($path1))) {
						$result = $this->mkdir($path2);
						if ($preserveMtime) {
							$this->touch($path2, $this->filemtime($path1));
						}
						if (is_resource($dh)) {
							while (($file = readdir($dh)) !== false) {
								if (!Filesystem::isIgnoredDir($file)) {
									if (!$this->copy($path1 . '/' . $file, $path2 . '/' . $file, $preserveMtime)) {
										$result = false;
									}
								}
							}
						}
					} else {
						list($storage2, $internalPath2) = Filesystem::resolvePath($absolutePath2 . $postFix2);
						$source = $this->fopen($path1 . $postFix1, 'r');
						$target = $this->fopen($path2 . $postFix2, 'w');
						list(, $result) = \OC_Helper::streamCopy($source, $target);
						if($result && $preserveMtime) {
							$this->touch($path2, $this->filemtime($path1));
						}
						fclose($source);
						fclose($target);
						if (!$result) {
							// delete partially written target file
							$storage2->unlink($internalPath2);
							$storage2->getCache()->remove($internalPath2);
						}
					}
				}
				$this->updater->update($path2);
				if ($this->shouldEmitHooks() && $result !== false) {
					\OC_Hook::emit(
						Filesystem::CLASSNAME,
						Filesystem::signal_post_copy,
						array(
							Filesystem::signal_param_oldpath => $this->getHookPath($path1),
							Filesystem::signal_param_newpath => $this->getHookPath($path2)
						)
					);
					$this->emit_file_hooks_post($exists, $path2);
				}
				return $result;
			} else {
				return false;
			}
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param string $mode
	 * @return resource
	 */
	public function fopen($path, $mode) {
		$hooks = array();
		switch ($mode) {
			case 'r':
			case 'rb':
				$hooks[] = 'read';
				break;
			case 'r+':
			case 'rb+':
			case 'w+':
			case 'wb+':
			case 'x+':
			case 'xb+':
			case 'a+':
			case 'ab+':
				$hooks[] = 'read';
				$hooks[] = 'write';
				break;
			case 'w':
			case 'wb':
			case 'x':
			case 'xb':
			case 'a':
			case 'ab':
				$hooks[] = 'write';
				break;
			default:
				\OC_Log::write('core', 'invalid mode (' . $mode . ') for ' . $path, \OC_Log::ERROR);
		}

		return $this->basicOperation('fopen', $path, $hooks, $mode);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return bool|string
	 * @throws \OCP\Files\InvalidPathException
	 */
	public function toTmpFile($path) {
		$this->assertPathLength($path);
		if (Filesystem::isValidPath($path)) {
			$source = $this->fopen($path, 'r');
			if ($source) {
				$extension = pathinfo($path, PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
				$tmpFile = \OC_Helper::tmpFile($extension);
				file_put_contents($tmpFile, $source);
				return $tmpFile;
			} else {
				return false;
			}
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $tmpFile
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return bool|mixed
	 * @throws \OCP\Files\InvalidPathException
	 */
	public function fromTmpFile($tmpFile, $path) {
		$this->assertPathLength($path);
		if (Filesystem::isValidPath($path)) {

			// Get directory that the file is going into
			$filePath = dirname($path);

			// Create the directories if any
			if (!$this->file_exists($filePath)) {
				$this->mkdir($filePath);
			}

			$source = fopen($tmpFile, 'r');
			if ($source) {
				$result = $this->file_put_contents($path, $source);
				// $this->file_put_contents() might have already closed
				// the resource, so we check it, before trying to close it
				// to avoid messages in the error log.
				if (is_resource($source)) {
					fclose($source);
				}
				unlink($tmpFile);
				return $result;
			} else {
				return false;
			}
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}


	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 * @throws \OCP\Files\InvalidPathException
	 */
	public function getMimeType($path) {
		$this->assertPathLength($path);
		return $this->basicOperation('getMimeType', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $type
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param bool $raw
	 * @return bool|null|string
	 */
	public function hash($type, $path, $raw = false) {
		$postFix = (substr($path, -1, 1) === '/') ? '/' : '';
		$absolutePath = Filesystem::normalizePath($this->getAbsolutePath($path));
		if (Filesystem::isValidPath($path)) {
			$path = $this->getRelativePath($absolutePath);
			if ($path == null) {
				return false;
			}
			if ($this->shouldEmitHooks($path)) {
				\OC_Hook::emit(
					Filesystem::CLASSNAME,
					Filesystem::signal_read,
					array(Filesystem::signal_param_path => $this->getHookPath($path))
				);
			}
			list($storage, $internalPath) = Filesystem::resolvePath($absolutePath . $postFix);
			if ($storage) {
				$result = $storage->hash($type, $internalPath, $raw);
				return $result;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return mixed
	 * @throws \OCP\Files\InvalidPathException
	 */
	public function free_space($path = '/') {
		$this->assertPathLength($path);
		return $this->basicOperation('free_space', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * abstraction layer for basic filesystem functions: wrapper for \OC\Files\Storage\Storage
	 *
	 * @param string $operation
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param array $hooks (optional)
	 * @param mixed $extraParam (optional)
	 * @return mixed
	 *
	 * This method takes requests for basic filesystem functions (e.g. reading & writing
	 * files), processes hooks and proxies, sanitises paths, and finally passes them on to
	 * \OC\Files\Storage\Storage for delegation to a storage backend for execution
	 */
	private function basicOperation($operation, $path, $hooks = array(), $extraParam = null) {
		$postFix = (substr($path, -1, 1) === '/') ? '/' : '';
		$absolutePath = Filesystem::normalizePath($this->getAbsolutePath($path));
		if (Filesystem::isValidPath($path)
			and !Filesystem::isFileBlacklisted($path)
		) {
			$path = $this->getRelativePath($absolutePath);
			if ($path == null) {
				return false;
			}

			$run = $this->runHooks($hooks, $path);
			list($storage, $internalPath) = Filesystem::resolvePath($absolutePath . $postFix);
			if ($run and $storage) {
				if (!is_null($extraParam)) {
					$result = $storage->$operation($internalPath, $extraParam);
				} else {
					$result = $storage->$operation($internalPath);
				}

				if (in_array('delete', $hooks) and $result) {
					$this->updater->remove($path);
				}
				if (in_array('write', $hooks) and $operation !== 'fopen') {
					$this->updater->update($path);
				}
				if (in_array('touch', $hooks)) {
					$this->updater->update($path, $extraParam);
				}

				if ($this->shouldEmitHooks($path) && $result !== false) {
					if ($operation != 'fopen') { //no post hooks for fopen, the file stream is still open
						$this->runHooks($hooks, $path, true);
					}
				}
				return $result;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * get the path relative to the default root for hook usage
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return string
	 */
	private function getHookPath($path) {
		if (!Filesystem::getView()) {
			return $path;
		}
		return Filesystem::getView()->getRelativePath($this->getAbsolutePath($path));
	}

	private function shouldEmitHooks($path = '') {
		if ($path && Cache\Scanner::isPartialFile($path)) {
			return false;
		}
		if (!Filesystem::$loaded) {
			return false;
		}
		$defaultRoot = Filesystem::getRoot();
		if ($defaultRoot === null) {
			return false;
		}
		if ($this->fakeRoot === $defaultRoot) {
			return true;
		}
		return (strlen($this->fakeRoot) > strlen($defaultRoot)) && (substr($this->fakeRoot, 0, strlen($defaultRoot) + 1) === $defaultRoot . '/');
	}

	/**
	 * @param string[] $hooks
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param bool $post
	 * @return bool
	 */
	private function runHooks($hooks, $path, $post = false) {
		$path = $this->getHookPath($path);
		$prefix = ($post) ? 'post_' : '';
		$run = true;
		if ($this->shouldEmitHooks($path)) {
			foreach ($hooks as $hook) {
				if ($hook != 'read') {
					\OC_Hook::emit(
						Filesystem::CLASSNAME,
						$prefix . $hook,
						array(
							Filesystem::signal_param_run => &$run,
							Filesystem::signal_param_path => $path
						)
					);
				} elseif (!$post) {
					\OC_Hook::emit(
						Filesystem::CLASSNAME,
						$prefix . $hook,
						array(
							Filesystem::signal_param_path => $path
						)
					);
				}
			}
		}
		return $run;
	}

	/**
	 * check if a file or folder has been updated since $time
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param int $time
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function hasUpdated($path, $time) {
		return $this->basicOperation('hasUpdated', $path, array(), $time);
	}

	/**
	 * get the filesystem info
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param boolean|string $includeMountPoints true to add mountpoint sizes,
	 * 'ext' to add only ext storage mount point sizes. Defaults to true.
	 * defaults to true
	 * @return \OC\Files\FileInfo|false
	 */
	public function getFileInfo($path, $includeMountPoints = true) {
		$this->assertPathLength($path);
		$data = array();
		if (!Filesystem::isValidPath($path)) {
			return $data;
		}
		if (Cache\Scanner::isPartialFile($path)) {
			return $this->getPartFileInfo($path);
		}
		$path = Filesystem::normalizePath($this->fakeRoot . '/' . $path);

		$mount = Filesystem::getMountManager()->find($path);
		$storage = $mount->getStorage();
		$internalPath = $mount->getInternalPath($path);
		$data = null;
		if ($storage) {
			$cache = $storage->getCache($internalPath);

			$data = $cache->get($internalPath);
			$watcher = $storage->getWatcher($internalPath);

			// if the file is not in the cache or needs to be updated, trigger the scanner and reload the data
			if (!$data) {
				if (!$storage->file_exists($internalPath)) {
					return false;
				}
				$scanner = $storage->getScanner($internalPath);
				$scanner->scan($internalPath, Cache\Scanner::SCAN_SHALLOW);
				$data = $cache->get($internalPath);
			} else if (!Cache\Scanner::isPartialFile($internalPath) && $watcher->checkUpdate($internalPath, $data)) {
				$this->updater->propagate($path);
				$data = $cache->get($internalPath);
			}

			if ($data and isset($data['fileid'])) {
				// upgrades from oc6 or lower might not have the permissions set in the file cache
				if ($data['permissions'] === 0) {
					$data['permissions'] = $storage->getPermissions($data['path']);
					$cache->update($data['fileid'], array('permissions' => $data['permissions']));
				}
				if ($includeMountPoints and $data['mimetype'] === 'httpd/unix-directory') {
					//add the sizes of other mount points to the folder
					$extOnly = ($includeMountPoints === 'ext');
					$mountPoints = Filesystem::getMountPoints($path);
					foreach ($mountPoints as $mountPoint) {
						$subStorage = Filesystem::getStorage($mountPoint);
						if ($subStorage) {
							// exclude shared storage ?
							if ($extOnly && $subStorage instanceof \OC\Files\Storage\Shared) {
								continue;
							}
							$subCache = $subStorage->getCache('');
							$rootEntry = $subCache->get('');
							$data['size'] += isset($rootEntry['size']) ? $rootEntry['size'] : 0;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		if (!$data) {
			return false;
		}

		if ($mount instanceof MoveableMount && $internalPath === '') {
			$data['permissions'] |= \OCP\Constants::PERMISSION_DELETE;
		}

		return new FileInfo($path, $storage, $internalPath, $data, $mount);
	}

	/**
	 * get the content of a directory
	 *
	 * @param string $directory path under datadirectory
	 * @param string $mimetype_filter limit returned content to this mimetype or mimepart
	 * @return FileInfo[]
	 */
	public function getDirectoryContent($directory, $mimetype_filter = '') {
		$this->assertPathLength($directory);
		$result = array();
		if (!Filesystem::isValidPath($directory)) {
			return $result;
		}
		$path = $this->getAbsolutePath($directory);
		$path = Filesystem::normalizePath($path);
		$mount = $this->getMount($directory);
		$storage = $mount->getStorage();
		$internalPath = $mount->getInternalPath($path);
		if ($storage) {
			$cache = $storage->getCache($internalPath);
			$user = \OC_User::getUser();

			$data = $cache->get($internalPath);
			$watcher = $storage->getWatcher($internalPath);
			if (!$data or $data['size'] === -1) {
				if (!$storage->file_exists($internalPath)) {
					return array();
				}
				$scanner = $storage->getScanner($internalPath);
				$scanner->scan($internalPath, Cache\Scanner::SCAN_SHALLOW);
				$data = $cache->get($internalPath);
			} else if ($watcher->checkUpdate($internalPath, $data)) {
				$this->updater->propagate($path);
				$data = $cache->get($internalPath);
			}

			$folderId = $data['fileid'];
			/**
			 * @var \OC\Files\FileInfo[] $files
			 */
			$files = array();
			$contents = $cache->getFolderContentsById($folderId); //TODO: mimetype_filter
			foreach ($contents as $content) {
				if ($content['permissions'] === 0) {
					$content['permissions'] = $storage->getPermissions($content['path']);
					$cache->update($content['fileid'], array('permissions' => $content['permissions']));
				}
				// if sharing was disabled for the user we remove the share permissions
				if (\OCP\Util::isSharingDisabledForUser()) {
					$content['permissions'] = $content['permissions'] & ~\OCP\Constants::PERMISSION_SHARE;
				}
				$files[] = new FileInfo($path . '/' . $content['name'], $storage, $content['path'], $content, $mount);
			}

			//add a folder for any mountpoint in this directory and add the sizes of other mountpoints to the folders
			$mounts = Filesystem::getMountManager()->findIn($path);
			$dirLength = strlen($path);
			foreach ($mounts as $mount) {
				$mountPoint = $mount->getMountPoint();
				$subStorage = $mount->getStorage();
				if ($subStorage) {
					$subCache = $subStorage->getCache('');

					if ($subCache->getStatus('') === Cache\Cache::NOT_FOUND) {
						$subScanner = $subStorage->getScanner('');
						try {
							$subScanner->scanFile('');
						} catch (\OCP\Files\StorageNotAvailableException $e) {
							continue;
						} catch (\OCP\Files\StorageInvalidException $e) {
							continue;
						} catch (\Exception $e) {
							// sometimes when the storage is not available it can be any exception
							\OCP\Util::writeLog(
								'core',
								'Exception while scanning storage "' . $subStorage->getId() . '": ' .
								get_class($e) . ': ' . $e->getMessage(),
								\OCP\Util::ERROR
							);
							continue;
						}
					}

					$rootEntry = $subCache->get('');
					if ($rootEntry) {
						$relativePath = trim(substr($mountPoint, $dirLength), '/');
						if ($pos = strpos($relativePath, '/')) {
							//mountpoint inside subfolder add size to the correct folder
							$entryName = substr($relativePath, 0, $pos);
							foreach ($files as &$entry) {
								if ($entry['name'] === $entryName) {
									$entry['size'] += $rootEntry['size'];
								}
							}
						} else { //mountpoint in this folder, add an entry for it
							$rootEntry['name'] = $relativePath;
							$rootEntry['type'] = $rootEntry['mimetype'] === 'httpd/unix-directory' ? 'dir' : 'file';
							$permissions = $rootEntry['permissions'];
							// do not allow renaming/deleting the mount point if they are not shared files/folders
							// for shared files/folders we use the permissions given by the owner
							if ($mount instanceof MoveableMount) {
								$rootEntry['permissions'] = $permissions | \OCP\Constants::PERMISSION_UPDATE | \OCP\Constants::PERMISSION_DELETE;
							} else {
								$rootEntry['permissions'] = $permissions & (\OCP\Constants::PERMISSION_ALL - (\OCP\Constants::PERMISSION_UPDATE | \OCP\Constants::PERMISSION_DELETE));
							}

							//remove any existing entry with the same name
							foreach ($files as $i => $file) {
								if ($file['name'] === $rootEntry['name']) {
									unset($files[$i]);
									break;
								}
							}
							$rootEntry['path'] = substr(Filesystem::normalizePath($path . '/' . $rootEntry['name']), strlen($user) + 2); // full path without /$user/

							// if sharing was disabled for the user we remove the share permissions
							if (\OCP\Util::isSharingDisabledForUser()) {
								$content['permissions'] = $content['permissions'] & ~\OCP\Constants::PERMISSION_SHARE;
							}

							$files[] = new FileInfo($path . '/' . $rootEntry['name'], $subStorage, '', $rootEntry, $mount);
						}
					}
				}
			}

			if ($mimetype_filter) {
				foreach ($files as $file) {
					if (strpos($mimetype_filter, '/')) {
						if ($file['mimetype'] === $mimetype_filter) {
							$result[] = $file;
						}
					} else {
						if ($file['mimepart'] === $mimetype_filter) {
							$result[] = $file;
						}
					}
				}
			} else {
				$result = $files;
			}
		}

		return $result;
	}

	/**
	 * change file metadata
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param array|\OCP\Files\FileInfo $data
	 * @return int
	 *
	 * returns the fileid of the updated file
	 */
	public function putFileInfo($path, $data) {
		$this->assertPathLength($path);
		if ($data instanceof FileInfo) {
			$data = $data->getData();
		}
		$path = Filesystem::normalizePath($this->fakeRoot . '/' . $path);
		/**
		 * @var \OC\Files\Storage\Storage $storage
		 * @var string $internalPath
		 */
		list($storage, $internalPath) = Filesystem::resolvePath($path);
		if ($storage) {
			$cache = $storage->getCache($path);

			if (!$cache->inCache($internalPath)) {
				$scanner = $storage->getScanner($internalPath);
				$scanner->scan($internalPath, Cache\Scanner::SCAN_SHALLOW);
			}

			return $cache->put($internalPath, $data);
		} else {
			return -1;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * search for files with the name matching $query
	 *
	 * @param string $query
	 * @return FileInfo[]
	 */
	public function search($query) {
		return $this->searchCommon('search', array('%' . $query . '%'));
	}

	/**
	 * search for files with the name matching $query
	 *
	 * @param string $query
	 * @return FileInfo[]
	 */
	public function searchRaw($query) {
		return $this->searchCommon('search', array($query));
	}

	/**
	 * search for files by mimetype
	 *
	 * @param string $mimetype
	 * @return FileInfo[]
	 */
	public function searchByMime($mimetype) {
		return $this->searchCommon('searchByMime', array($mimetype));
	}

	/**
	 * search for files by tag
	 *
	 * @param string|int $tag name or tag id
	 * @param string $userId owner of the tags
	 * @return FileInfo[]
	 */
	public function searchByTag($tag, $userId) {
		return $this->searchCommon('searchByTag', array($tag, $userId));
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $method cache method
	 * @param array $args
	 * @return FileInfo[]
	 */
	private function searchCommon($method, $args) {
		$files = array();
		$rootLength = strlen($this->fakeRoot);

		$mount = $this->getMount('');
		$mountPoint = $mount->getMountPoint();
		$storage = $mount->getStorage();
		if ($storage) {
			$cache = $storage->getCache('');

			$results = call_user_func_array(array($cache, $method), $args);
			foreach ($results as $result) {
				if (substr($mountPoint . $result['path'], 0, $rootLength + 1) === $this->fakeRoot . '/') {
					$internalPath = $result['path'];
					$path = $mountPoint . $result['path'];
					$result['path'] = substr($mountPoint . $result['path'], $rootLength);
					$files[] = new FileInfo($path, $storage, $internalPath, $result, $mount);
				}
			}

			$mounts = Filesystem::getMountManager()->findIn($this->fakeRoot);
			foreach ($mounts as $mount) {
				$mountPoint = $mount->getMountPoint();
				$storage = $mount->getStorage();
				if ($storage) {
					$cache = $storage->getCache('');

					$relativeMountPoint = substr($mountPoint, $rootLength);
					$results = call_user_func_array(array($cache, $method), $args);
					if ($results) {
						foreach ($results as $result) {
							$internalPath = $result['path'];
							$result['path'] = rtrim($relativeMountPoint . $result['path'], '/');
							$path = rtrim($mountPoint . $internalPath, '/');
							$files[] = new FileInfo($path, $storage, $internalPath, $result, $mount);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return $files;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the owner for a file or folder
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getOwner($path) {
		return $this->basicOperation('getOwner', $path);
	}

	/**
	 * get the ETag for a file or folder
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getETag($path) {
		/**
		 * @var Storage\Storage $storage
		 * @var string $internalPath
		 */
		list($storage, $internalPath) = $this->resolvePath($path);
		if ($storage) {
			return $storage->getETag($internalPath);
		} else {
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get the path of a file by id, relative to the view
	 *
	 * Note that the resulting path is not guarantied to be unique for the id, multiple paths can point to the same file
	 *
	 * @param int $id
	 * @return string|null
	 */
	public function getPath($id) {
		$id = (int)$id;
		$manager = Filesystem::getMountManager();
		$mounts = $manager->findIn($this->fakeRoot);
		$mounts[] = $manager->find($this->fakeRoot);
		// reverse the array so we start with the storage this view is in
		// which is the most likely to contain the file we're looking for
		$mounts = array_reverse($mounts);
		foreach ($mounts as $mount) {
			/**
			 * @var \OC\Files\Mount\MountPoint $mount
			 */
			if ($mount->getStorage()) {
				$cache = $mount->getStorage()->getCache();
				$internalPath = $cache->getPathById($id);
				if (is_string($internalPath)) {
					$fullPath = $mount->getMountPoint() . $internalPath;
					if (!is_null($path = $this->getRelativePath($fullPath))) {
						return $path;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	private function assertPathLength($path) {
		$maxLen = min(PHP_MAXPATHLEN, 4000);
		// Check for the string length - performed using isset() instead of strlen()
		// because isset() is about 5x-40x faster.
		if (isset($path[$maxLen])) {
			$pathLen = strlen($path);
			throw new \OCP\Files\InvalidPathException("Path length($pathLen) exceeds max path length($maxLen): $path");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * check if it is allowed to move a mount point to a given target.
	 * It is not allowed to move a mount point into a different mount point
	 *
	 * @param string $target path
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	private function isTargetAllowed($target) {

		$result = false;

		list($targetStorage,) = \OC\Files\Filesystem::resolvePath($target);
		if ($targetStorage->instanceOfStorage('\OCP\Files\IHomeStorage')) {
			$result = true;
		} else {
			\OCP\Util::writeLog('files',
				'It is not allowed to move one mount point into another one',
				\OCP\Util::DEBUG);
		}

		return $result;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a fileinfo object for files that are ignored in the cache (part files)
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return \OCP\Files\FileInfo
	 */
	private function getPartFileInfo($path) {
		$mount = $this->getMount($path);
		$storage = $mount->getStorage();
		$internalPath = $mount->getInternalPath($this->getAbsolutePath($path));
		return new FileInfo(
			$this->getAbsolutePath($path),
			$storage,
			$internalPath,
			[
				'fileid' => null,
				'mimetype' => $storage->getMimeType($internalPath),
				'name' => basename($path),
				'etag' => null,
				'size' => $storage->filesize($internalPath),
				'mtime' => $storage->filemtime($internalPath),
				'encrypted' => false,
				'permissions' => \OCP\Constants::PERMISSION_ALL
			],
			$mount
		);
	}

	/**
	 * @return Updater
	 */
	public function getUpdater() {
		return $this->updater;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 * @param string $fileName
	 * @throws InvalidPathException
	 */
	public function verifyPath($path, $fileName) {

		$l10n = \OC::$server->getL10N('lib');

		// verify empty and dot files
		$trimmed = trim($fileName);
		if ($trimmed === '') {
			throw new InvalidPathException($l10n->t('Empty filename is not allowed'));
		}
		if ($trimmed === '.' || $trimmed === '..') {
			throw new InvalidPathException($l10n->t('Dot files are not allowed'));
		}

		// verify database - e.g. mysql only 3-byte chars
		if (preg_match('%^(?:
      \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}      # planes 1-3
    | [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}          # planes 4-15
    | \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}      # plane 16
)*$%xs', $fileName)) {
			throw new InvalidPathException($l10n->t('4-byte characters are not supported in file names'));
		}

		try {
			/** @type \OCP\Files\Storage $storage */
			list($storage, $internalPath) = $this->resolvePath($path);
			$storage->verifyPath($internalPath, $fileName);
		} catch (ReservedWordException $ex) {
			throw new InvalidPathException($l10n->t('File name is a reserved word'));
		} catch (InvalidCharacterInPathException $ex) {
			throw new InvalidPathException($l10n->t('File name contains at least one invalid character'));
		} catch (FileNameTooLongException $ex) {
			throw new InvalidPathException($l10n->t('File name is too long'));
		}
	}
}